> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://digitalgarden.batamladen.com/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://digitalgarden.batamladen.com/notes/query-languages/kql/summarize-or-count-or-min-or-max-or-make_set.md). # summarize | count() | min | max | make\_set ### Summarize It takes a bunch of rows and **collapses them** into a summary, using aggregation functions (like `count()`, `sum()`, `avg()`, `max()`, etc.). **Basic syntax:** ``` Table | summarize by ``` *** #### summarize by count() summarize by count() prints all the UNIQUE values in the specified column just like `distinct` command does, BUT in addition to that it also hows how many times the unique value was mentined in the table. ```kql DeviceEvents | project DeviceName, ActionType | summarize count() by DeviceName ```
*** ### make\_set It collects **all the distinct values** of a column into a single **array** (a list), per group. Duplicates are removed automatically (that's the "set" part — like a math set, unique values only). To best understand this here is a practical example. We have a **NetworkLogs** table | country | domain | | ------- | ----------- | | US | example.com | | US | example.com | | US | test.com | | DE | foo.net | | DE | foo.net | | DE | example.com | | BG | example.com | When we use only summarize count() by country we can see all the distinct rows of the country column and now many times each value is repeated. ``` NetworkLogs | summarize count() by country ``` | country | count\_ | | ------- | ------- | | US | 3 | | DE | 3 | | BG | 1 | Now if we add the `make_set` function to the `count()` function we will get the values that are either unique or repeated with the distinct countries. ``` NetworkLogs | summarize count(), make_set(domain) by country ``` | country | count\_ | set\_domain | | ------- | ------- | ---------------------------- | | US | 3 | \["example.com", "test.com"] | | DE | 3 | \["foo.net", "example.com"] | | BG | 1 | \["example.com"] | *** ### min() & max() * **`min(col)`** → returns the **smallest** value in each group * **`max(col)`** → returns the **largest** value in each group They work on **numbers, dates/times, and even text** (for text, they are put in an alphabetical order A->Z and lenght does not matter here). Example: Lets use the `SigninLogs` table. | user | TimeGenerated | BytesSent | | ----- | ---------------- | --------- | | alice | 2026-07-23 08:00 | 500 | | alice | 2026-07-23 09:30 | 1200 | | alice | 2026-07-23 11:00 | 300 | | bob | 2026-07-23 07:15 | 800 | | bob | 2026-07-23 10:45 | 2000 | Lets see the min and max bytes sent by each user: ``` SigninLogs | summarize min(BytesSent), max(BytesSent) by user ``` | user | min\_BytesSent | max\_BytesSent | | ----- | -------------- | -------------- | | alice | 300 | 1200 | | bob | 800 | 2000 | We can use min and max for time values as well. ``` SigninLogs | summarize FirstSeen = min(TimeGenerated), LastSeen = max(TimeGenerated) by user ``` | user | FirstSeen | LastSeen | | ----- | ---------------- | ---------------- | | alice | 2026-07-23 08:00 | 2026-07-23 11:00 | | bob | 2026-07-23 07:15 | 2026-07-23 10:45 | --- # Agent Instructions This documentation is published with GitBook. GitBook is the documentation platform designed so that both humans and AI agents can read, navigate, and reason over technical content effectively. Learn more at gitbook.com. ## Querying This Documentation If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation by asking a question. Perform an HTTP GET request on the following URL with the `ask` and `goal` query parameters: ``` GET https://digitalgarden.batamladen.com/notes/query-languages/kql/summarize-or-count-or-min-or-max-or-make_set.md?ask=&goal= ``` `ask` is the immediate question: it should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language. `goal` is what the user is ultimately trying to achieve, the reason they need the answer. Sharing it helps GitBook give you a better, more relevant answer. A goal is most helpful when it describes the outcome the user wants rather than restating the question. For example, with `ask=how do I create an API token`, a goal like `automate deployments from our CI pipeline` lets GitBook tailor the answer to that use case. The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation. Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.