# Basic Linux Commands

<table><thead><tr><th width="140">Command</th><th>Explanation</th><th>Example</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>cd</td><td>change directory</td><td>cd <em>/home/kali/file_name.txt</em></td></tr><tr><td>mv</td><td>move a file/directory</td><td>mv f<em>ile.txt /path/to/newlocation</em></td></tr><tr><td>pwd</td><td>print current working directory</td><td>pwd</td></tr><tr><td>grep</td><td>find the entered word</td><td>ls -l | grep ".txt"</td></tr><tr><td>ls</td><td>list files in current directory</td><td>ls</td></tr><tr><td>    -l</td><td>Lists files in a long format, showing details such as permissions, ownership, size, and modification time.</td><td>ls -l</td></tr><tr><td>    -a</td><td>Shows all files, including hidden files (those that start with a dot <code>.</code>).</td><td>ls -a</td></tr><tr><td>    -h</td><td>Makes file sizes human-readable, often used with <code>-l</code> to show sizes in KB, MB, or GB.</td><td>ls -lh</td></tr><tr><td>mkdir</td><td>make directory</td><td>mkdir <em>dir_name</em></td></tr><tr><td>rmdir</td><td>remove directory</td><td>rmdir <em>dir_name</em></td></tr><tr><td>touch</td><td>create an empty file</td><td>touch <em>file_name.txt</em></td></tr><tr><td>cat</td><td>see file content</td><td>cat file_name.txt</td></tr><tr><td>man</td><td>display manual for other commands</td><td><em>any command</em> man</td></tr><tr><td>chmod</td><td>change mod of a file (rwx)</td><td>chmod +rwx <em>file_name.txt</em></td></tr><tr><td>chown</td><td>change owner and group of a file</td><td>chown <em>user:group file_name.txt</em></td></tr><tr><td>df</td><td>display available disk space</td><td>df -h</td></tr><tr><td>find</td><td>search for files in a directory hierarchy</td><td>find <em>/path</em> -type f -size +10M</td></tr><tr><td>tar</td><td>archive files</td><td>tar -czvf project.tar.gz project/</td></tr><tr><td>gzip</td><td>compres &#x26; decompres files/dirs</td><td>gzip <em>file_name.txt</em></td></tr><tr><td>ssh</td><td>ssh connection request</td><td>ssh <em>ip_addres port</em></td></tr><tr><td>curl</td><td>transfer data from/to server</td><td>curl -o <em>downloaded_file.txt</em> <em>http://example.com/file.txt</em></td></tr><tr><td>ping</td><td>test connectivity</td><td>ping <em>site.com</em></td></tr><tr><td>ifconfig</td><td>see network interface info</td><td>ifconfig</td></tr></tbody></table>


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